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EH01: New cases of diabetes by sex and age group

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Latest update

11/14/2025

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Calculations of the National Institute for Health Development based on the data of the Estonian Health Insurance Fund

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EH01

Detailed information: ehinfo_en

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Diagnosis (ICD-10)

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Definitions and methodology The tables show the estimated numbers of incidence cases (see 'Definitions and methodology' for details). The calculations are based on health insurance claims submitted to the Estonian Health Insurance Fund.
The statistics cover cases of both insured and uninsured Estonians and Estonian residents.
Age is unknown in less than 0.1% of cases. The numbers of cases are not directly comparable with the statistics published in tables EH10 and EH11 until 2016.
Tables EH10 and EH11 show the incidence cases registered by healthcare providers. Before, the data which morbidity statistics were based on, were aggregated, not person-based. Thus, multiple counting of a single case could not be avoided and previously published statistics are likely to be overestimated. 14.11.2025 updated data for the years 2016-2023. The aim of collecting morbidity statistics is to get regular national overviews of the rate of morbidity of the population, to compare the data concerning the morbidity and to ensure its consistency. The data is submitted on the basis of 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems classification (ICD-10): Ch. I-XIX (codes A00-R99), excluding malignant neoplasms (Ch. II, codes C00-C97). Morbidity statistics on malignant neoplasms is available under the topic 'Malignant neoplasms' and injuries statistics is available under the topic 'Injuries' in the Morbidity subdivision of the Health Statistics and Health Research Database. Estimated incidence. Since 2021, incidence is calculated based on treatment claims submitted to the Health Insurance Fund. Time series are published retrospectively from 2016. All treatment claims submitted to the Estonian Health Insurance Fund from 2013 are included, covering both insured and uninsured Estonians and residents of Estonia. Treatment claims do not reflect contacts with the health care system if a person has visited a health care provider that does not have a treatment financing contract with the Estonian Health Insurance Fund, or if the health care provider is a Estonian Health Insurance Fund contract partner but the person paid for the service in full themselves. Diagnoses registered in prisons and the Estonian Defence Forces are also not reflected on treatment claims. In the case of chronic diseases, a case is considered a primary case if the person has not been diagnosed with the same disease in the previous 7 years. Since treatment claims from 2013 onwards are used for statistics, in cases with a look-back period shorter than 7 years, the number of primary cases found from treatment claims is adjusted to correspond conditionally to a 7-year look-back period. The incidence found based on the new methodology is not comparable with the statistics published until 2016 (tables EH10-EH12). Previously, the data underlying the incidence statistics were aggregated, not individual-based. Therefore, multiple counting of a single case could not be avoided, and the previously published statistics are likely overestimated. Based on the treatment claims submitted to the Estonian Health Insurance Fund, it can be said that depending on the disease, the overestimation of initial cases in the previous statistics can reach several tens of percent. When using the data, it should be remembered that it is an estimate. Special attention should be paid to interpreting very small numbers. In cases of a very small number of cases or a small population, random fluctuations significantly affect the calculated incidence rate. For example, if one incidence case is diagnosed in Hiiu county in the age group 0-14, then we could see the highest incidence rate in Estonia for Hiiu county. Registered incidence until 2016. The data is collected from all institutions providing health care services which hold a relevant activity licence and from family physicians working with practice lists in accordance with the Health Care Services Organisation Act (HCSOA) and decree by the Minister of Social Affairs on the basis of the HCSOA. The data about registered incidence was presented in the annual report “Health Care Institution“. All legal persons providing outpatient and inpatient services were required to submit the report, excluding emergency medical care and dental care institutions, which submit data about their activities in other type of reports. The data are published in absolute and relative numbers (rate per 100 000 inhabitants; incidence rate of newborns is calculated per 1000 live births). The number of live births in Estonia registered by the Estonian Medical Birth Registry serves as the basis for calculation of the incidence rate of newborns. The incidence rate of newborns includes the incidence of all newborns born in Estonia (including those whose residence is abroad). Morbidity statistics concerning registered incidence must be submitted by health care service providers. Health care service providers are required to submit data according to the registered location of activities of their undertaking, which is why the county division of the morbidity data is based on the location of the health care service provider, not on the place of residence of the patient. Due to the preparations for the transfer to statistics based on individual data every doctor must from 2005 onwards register only the new cases diagnosed by them personally. Earlier the new diagnoses given in hospitals were registered by the patient's family doctor. The arrangement process for case registration system has differed by institutions and this causes annual fluctuations, for example, due to double registration. Newborn health problems, diseases and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period Data on newborns diagnosed with health problems, diseases and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period were collected from obstetric care providers until 2020 with the annual report “Newborn's morbidity” (previously until 2012 “Pregnant women and newborns”, 2013-2015 “Pregnant women and newborn's illnesses”). Data were provided by maternity wards on cases diagnosed and registered there. The data include both primary and concomitant diagnoses and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, excluding of Z-diagnoses.
Data were collected when the child was 7 days old or as early as the day the child leaves the hospital, is transferred to another medical institution, or dies before the age of 7 days. The exception is the Tartu University Hospital since 2015, where the treatment of a newborn with the disease takes place in another department of the same hospital already for the first 7 days, therefore not all diagnoses of children are registered in the maternity ward but also those diagnoses that is diagnosed in another ward (neonatology, children's intensive care).
In 2020, maternity care in Estonia was provided by 13 health care providers.
The basis for calculating the morbidity rate is the number of live births in the Estonian Medical Birth Register of the respective year.
When using the data, it is important to remember that several diagnosis codes may be registered in one newborn. Also, not all ICD-10 diagnostic codes always mean the presence of a serious illness, but also the registration of a complication, trauma, or minor health problem during childbirth.
For example, the most frequently registered P05-P08 diagnoses are related to the growth of the newborn - the child is either lighter or heavier due to the duration of pregnancy; or unspecified neonatal jaundice (P59), which is usually a transient condition but may be the symptom for another disease. In addition, based on the data collected as aggregated data, it is not possible to extract diagnoses in detail.
Congenital malformations, deformities and the diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99) also include ICD-10 code Q38.1 tongue tear that can be severed by a pediatrician during a simple surgical procedure. The diagnosis of perinatal conditions also includes conditions that cannot be directly considered a neonatal health problem, such as difficulties in breastfeeding a newborn (P92.5), which are more related to the maternal health condition of the mother.
From 2021, data collection is discontinued according to the report 'Newborn's morbidity'. The collection and publication of data continues on the basis of the information on birth cards transmitted to the medical birth register and the statistics is available under database topic 'Population' - 'Births and breastfed infants'.

Footnotes

The dataset provides an overview of new cases of diabetes in Estonia. The data is presented by year, diagnoses (ICD-10 codes E10-E14), sex, and age groups. Data cover both insured and uninsured Estonians and residents of Estonia, but do not include contacts with the health care system if a person has visited a health care provider that does not have a treatment financing contract with the Estonian Health Insurance Fund, or if the health care provider is a Estonian Health Insurance Fund contract partner but the person paid for the service in full themselves. Also diagnoses registered in prisons and the Estonian Defence Forces are excluded. The purpose of collecting incidence data is to provide a regular and comparable overview of morbidity for selected diagnoses to support health policy, prevention, and service planning. Data source: the diabetes incidence calculations are based on treatment claims submitted to the Estonian Health Insurance Fund; the indicators are calculated and published by the National Institute for Health Development.